According to the paraquat lawsuits filed in St. Clair County Illinois, and across the nation, the herbicide paraquat can cause Parkinson’s disease.

An experiment in Southern California in the 1980s showed that MPTP, a heroin contaminant, caused users to experience symptoms similar to those associated with Parkinson’s disease. The experiment demonstrated that the heroin contaminant killed dopamine neurons, the same neurons that are damaged in Parkinson’s disease patients. MPTP and paraquat have chemical structures that are very similar.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared in 1997 that the primary route of exposure to paraquat was during the mixing, loading, and application of the herbicide, as well as during the post-application period. The agency also stated that, despite the fact that the herbicide is not licensed for residential use, such exposure is possible for people who live near farms where the herbicide is used.

Over the last two decades, scientists have increased their research into the effects of paraquat toxicity on humans, especially the risk of Parkinson’s disease.

According to a 2009 study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, any exposure to paraquat within 1,600 feet of a home increased the risk of Parkinson’s disease by 75%.

Environmental Health Perspectives, in collaboration with the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, released findings from a comprehensive review of Parkinson’s disease cases and pesticides in 2011. Paraquat emerged as a major concern in this report.

Pesticides that block mitochondrial complexes and those that induce oxidative stress have been linked to Parkinson’s disease. Paraquat works by producing intracellular molecules that cause oxidative stress in cells. According to the report, “Parkinson’s disease was closely correlated with” paraquat. The authors also stressed that the risk of paraquat exposure extends beyond the occupational/agricultural climate, and that many people may be exposed to the pesticide without even being aware of its presence in their surroundings.

The study also found a significantly increased risk of Parkinson’s disease in people who had been exposed to both paraquat and a form of fungicide known as fungicide maneb. Finally, participants in the study who lacked an active copy of a particular gene (missing in 20% of Caucasians and 40% of Asians) were at a higher risk of paraquat toxicity.

The EPA announced in 2016 that it would re-evaluate paraquat, including the possible correlation to Parkinson’s disease.

The Unified Parkinson’s Advocacy Council sent a letter to the EPA on July 24, 2017, in anticipation of the agency’s paraquat registration review. The petition, signed by all council members, listed a laundry list of evidence linking paraquat to the development of Parkinson’s disease symptoms and pathology and concluded by urging the EPA to refuse paraquat’s reregistration.

The letter went on to emphasize the financial costs of Parkinson’s disease, including:

Individual treatment for a person with Parkinson’s disease costs $26,400 per year.

Annual economic burden in the United States between $19.8 to $26.4 billion. Costs associated with dependence on services such as Medicaid, Medicare, and Social Security.

Syngenta and Growmark, the manufacturers of paraquat, were sued on October 6, 2017. The lawsuit was lodged on behalf of farmers and agricultural workers who were exposed to paraquat and developed Parkinson’s disease. Chevron Chemical has been added as a defendant in the case since the initial charge was filed.

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released its protocol for a study of paraquat dichloride toxicity and Parkinson’s disease in 2018. Recognizing that hundreds of studies have been conducted to examine the correlation between paraquat exposure and Parkinson’s disease, the analysis will attempt to map evidence that links the two.

How does paraquat work?

Paraquat is sprayed directly onto plants, where it destroys the leaves on contact. When the compound comes into contact with soil, it becomes inactive.

The chemical is sprayed to clear fields before crops are cultivated, as well as to eradicate marijuana crops in Mexico and the United States.

Paraquat is often used as a herbicide for weeds that have gained resistance to Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides, according to the Unified Parkinson’s Advisory Council.

What Do We Know About Parkinson’s?

Parkinson’s disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition that manifests itself in humans in their middle to late years of existence. Tremors in the arms and legs, weakened coordination and balance, sluggish movements, and rigidity of the body and limbs are some of the effects on the motor system. Such symptoms are due to the brain’s gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. The disorder is chronic and progressive, with current medical treatments only providing partial relief of symptoms. 

While genetic factors play a role in a small percentage of Parkinson’s disease cases, the primary cause of Parkinson’s disease has remained unknown for many years. A growing number of scientific studies in recent years have linked Parkinson’s disease to environmental exposures such as pesticides.

Would your water supplier overdose you with fluoride? Yup!

FLUORIDE 2 min read

From: WQP

In Sandy, Utah, a do not drink advisory was lifted for 600 residents previously cautioned not to drink from their kitchen taps. Why?

Elevated levels of copper and lead.

The contamination occurred when supply employees inadvertently released undiluted fluoride into their water system for about two days.. The town authority is facing backlash because of its late notification of residents of the potential contamination quickly.

According to The Deseret News, an investigation into the town’s water quality began Feb. 6 when residents reported a potential problem. The state was then notified Feb. 8. Approximately 150 residents reported possible symptoms from drinking contaminated water. Several dogs fell ill as well. While Sandy officials announced Feb. 15 that the water was safe to drink again, the do not drink advisory was reissued until lab results were able to determine the amount of lead and copper concentrations.

Test results from two homes revealed lead levels 26 times higher than the federal threshold and copper levels 22 times higher, according to Utah Division of Drinking Water Director Marie Owens.

“Unfortunately, I don’t think we’ll ever be able to know exactly what the homes were exposed to during the 44-hour time frame that the fluoride event was happening,” Owens said. “We can’t go back and retroactively sample that.”

While the do not drink advisory was lifted Feb. 17, many residents still have questions regarding the quality of their water. Residents are questioning whether they need to replace their pipes and copper fittings and have asked the town to test their drinking water.

“What condition are my pipes in right now? What condition is my water heater  in now that I’m not going to be continually exposed?” said Jodi Monaco, resident. “I just want to know. All of us just want to know.”

To their credit, he town is paying for water tests and asks residents to collect water samples. Sandy has been cited by the Utah Division of Drinking Water for failure to adequately notify the public about potential contamination. The agency must be notified of contamination within 24-hours.

“Once I became aware this was more than just a localized event, which was how it was presented to me originally… it was sort of an all-hands-on-deck approach,” said Mayor Kurt Bradburn. “We put everything out on social media. We activated our emergency protocol so we could literally take people door to door and make sure we spoke to them, gave them water, gave them notice. But the point is, we could have done that sooner. And that’s what I deeply apologize on behalf of all residents that we didn’t do that sooner.”

Ian: So.. is this an isolated incident? Unfortunately, no. Here in Australia we were alerted to high fluoride levels on the Gold Coast some years back when the water authority was implementing their new desalination plant.

The Big Question

The question remains: can an off-the shelf water filter cope with this kind of incident. In our view, it`s a no. But there is hope. The UltraStream, (our invention) is an extremely high level performance water filter with a design brief of finding and incorporating the world`s best filtration media. It`s not just talk. We`ve tested its fluoride reduction over the life of the filter and received a reading of 97% removal.

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